••• 


'832 
H9 


the  Museum   of  Comparative  Zoology 
.T    HARVARD     •     >      i .  ;•    ,  .••: 

VOL.  L.— No.  -'. 


HYMEXOi'TEKA    FIJO.M    FL(>UI>>ANT.  CnL 


BY  T    1).  A.  C<x 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.,  U.  S.  A. : 

PRINTED     FOR     THE     MUSEUM. 

JCNE,  1906. 


Bulletin  of  the   Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 
AT    HARVARD    COLLEGE. 

VOL.  L.— No.  2. 


FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT,  COLORADO. 


BY  T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.,  U.S.A.: 

PRINTED    FOR    THE    MUSEUM. 

JUNE,  1906. 


fa? 


No.  2.  —  Fossil  Hymenoptera  from  Florissant,  Colorado. 
By  T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL 

THE  Tertiary  shales  of  Florissant,  Colorado,  have  been  made  famous 
through  the  writings  of  Lesquereux  and  Scudder,  wherein  are  described 
hundreds  of  species  of  plants  and  insects  preserved  in  fine  volcanic  ash 
and  sand.  The  vast  multitudes  of  individuals  and  species,  and  the  won- 
derful state  of  their  preservation,  render  the  locality  perhaps  the  richest 
of  its  kind  in  the  world,  and  afford  us  as  good  an  opportunity  as  could 
be  looked  for  to  reconstruct  the  fauna  and  flora  of  a  remote  age.  Just 
what  age  this  is,  is  a  matter  in  dispute  ;  but  for  various  reasons,  which 
I  give  in  a  paper  to  be  issued  in  the  University  of  Colorado  Studies,  I 
think  it  is  almost  surely  Miocene. 

Unfortunately,  Mr.  Scudder  has  not  been  able  to  finish  the  investi- 
gation of  the  materials  he  secured  at  Florissant.  In  his  work  on  Tertiary 
Insects  (1890)  he  indicated  briefly  the  great  wealth  of  undescribed  species. 
Since  then  he  has  published  some  miscellaneous  species  (Bull.  93,  U.  S. 
Geol.  Surv.,  1892),  the  Khynchophorous  Coleoptera  (Monog.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.,  1893,  21),  the  Adephagous  and  Clavicorn  Coleoptera  (Monog. 
U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  1900,  40),  and  the  Tipulidae  (Proc.  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.,  1894,  32).  The  great  work  accomplished  by  Mr.  Scudder  can  in 
some  measure  be  understood  by  one  who  has  learned  the  difficulties  of 
this  kind  of  investigation ;  the  eye-strain  involved  in  determining 
minute  and  often  nearly  obliterated  features,  and  the  wide  knowledge 
and  good  judgment  necessary  in  order  to  classify  specimens  which  only 
exhibit  part  of  the  characters  commonly  used  as  diagnostic.  It  is  not 
to  be  expected  that  another  such  master  of  palaeoentomology  will  appear 
to  take  up  the  work ;  but  the  valuable  materials  must  not  be  neglected, 
and  we  may  hope  that  with  the  aid  of  several  workers  they  will  all 
be  made  known. 

The  present  contribution  deals  with  the  bees  and  wasps,  and  one 
species  of  Stephanidae,  kindly  entrusted  to  me  by  the  Museum  of 
Comparative  Zoology.  In  addition  to  the  species  described,  I  have 
examined  more  imperfect  specimens  of  perhaps  as  many  others ;  but  it 
has  seemed  best  to  publish  only  those  which  could  be  classified  with 
TOL.  L.  — No.  2  3 


34  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

some  certainty,  and  adequately  diagnosed.  If  the  imperfect  specimens 
just  mentioned  had  been  all  the  Hymenoptera  found  at  Florissant,  it 
would  have  seemed  worth  while  to  give  them  more  careful  scrutiny,  and 
to  describe  a  number  as  well  as  possible.  No  doubt,  by  very  careful  and 
prolonged  comparisons,  such  portions  of  the  venation  as  could  be  deter- 
mined would  be  found  in  many  cases  to  reveal  probable  or  practically 
certain  affinities;  but  the  work  would  be  arduous  in  the  extreme,  and 
would  test  one's  skill  to  the  utmost.  As  it  is,  the  numerous  well-pre- 
served specimens  give  us  an  excellent  idea  of  the  fauna,  and  the  deter- 
mination of  the  poorer  materials  may  be  at  least  postponed  without  any 
serious  injury  to  science. 

In  numerous  cases,  owing  to  the  wings  being  folded,  or  one  beneath 
another,  the  venation  looks  at  first  sight  abnormal,  and  will  appear  to 
disagree  with  the  descriptions  offered.  The  future  student  of  these  in- 
sects should  therefore  not  conclude  too  hastily  that  the  descriptions  are 
inaccurate. 

In  general  terms,  it  may  be  said  that  the  Florissant  Hymenoptera  do 
not  differ  greatly  from  their  modern  representatives.  While  some  of  the 
extinct  genera  are  apparently  more  primitive  than  the  dominant  genera 
of  the  same  groups  to-day,  they  are  scarcely  more  so  than  certain  genera 
which  still  exist  in  the  modern  fauna.  Thus,  among  the  Scoliids,  we 
naturally  assume  that  those  forms  with  regular  venation,  like  that  of 
many  other  wasps,  are  more  primitive  —  at  least  in  respect  to  this  char- 
acter—  than  those  with  broken  or  irregular  cells.  The  two  fossil  genera 
of  this  group  are  therefore  less  specialized  in  venation  than  the  common 
species  of  to-day,  but  they  are  in  the  same  general  stage  of  development 
as  the  rare  American  genus  Engycystis,  and  the  Australian  Austratiphia. 
Thus,  if  it  were  possible  to  restore  the  Florissant  Hymenoptera  to  their 
original  state,  and  send  them  to  some  entomologist  as  coming  from  an  out 
of  the  way  region,  he  would  see  in  them  nothing  transcending  the  pos- 
sibilities of  the  modern  world. 

It  must  further  be  said,  that  the  types  represented  do  not  suggest 
tropical  or  subtropical  conditions ;  they  accord  well  with  the  vegetation 
in  indicating  a  cliinnte  like  that  of  the  austral  zones  of  the  temperate  re- 
gion. The  bees  are  principally  of  genera  found  flying  in  Colorado  to-day, 
and  there  is  no  indication  of  the  types  especially  characteristic  of  Mexico. 
Both  among  the  bees  and  the  wasps,  the  element  which  we  regard  as  of 
neotropical  origin  is  conspicuously  absent.  It  is  only  just  to  remark,  with 
regard  to  the  bees  especially,  that  the  generic  identity  assumed  from  the 
parts  preserved  might  in  some  cases  be  belied,  could  we  examine  the 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       35 

mouth-parts,  etc.  The  evolution  of  the  bees  has  gone  on  principally  in 
the  development  of  the  mouth-structures,  the  venation  remaining  nearly 
as  in  the  fossorial  wasps,  or  at  any  rate  not  undergoing  any  radical 
changes.  Hence  it  may  be  that  if  we  could  see  the  tongue,  palpi,  etc.,  of 
the  Florissant  species  of  Halictus,  Andrena,  Authidium,  etc.,  we  should  be 
compelled  to  remove  them  from  those  genera ;  but  the  agreement  of  the 
wings  and  general  appearance  is  such  that  I  feel  as  confident  of  the  gen- 
eric determinations  as  is  possible  under  the  circumstances. 

The  families  represented  are  exactly  those  dominant  to-day  in  North 
America,  and  the  absence  of  certain  groups  must  no  doubt  be  regarded 
as  accidental. 

One  would  infer  from  the  evidence  afforded  by  the  Florissant  Hymen- 
optera,  that  the  genera  of  this  group  are  more  persistent  in  time  than  the 
genei-a  of  Mammalia,  but  less  so  than  those  of  flowering  plants,  espe- 
cially trees.  The  same  conclusions  might  be  reached  independently  by 
a  study  of  geographical  distribution,  at  least  so  far  as  they  relate  to  mam- 
mals and  Hymenoptera.  No  doubt  the  genera  of  Hymenoptera  are 
more  widespread  than  some  other  groups  of  organisms  which  may 
possess  greater  antiquity,  owing  to  the  ready  locomotion  of  the 
former. 

Unfortunately,  we  have  no  series  of  mammals  known  to  be  of  the  same 
age  as  the  Florissant  shales.  The  White  River  beds,  which  Matthew 
(1899)  calls  Oligocene,  have  produced  in  Colorado  some  63  species  of 
mammals,  all  referred  to  extinct  genera  except  a  few  pertaining  to  Didel- 
phys  and  Sciurus.  These  animals,  very  differently  from  the  Florissant 
Hymenoptera,  if  produced  alive  would  excite  the  greatest  amazement. 
Species  of  Titanotheriidae,  Elotheriidae,  Hyaenodontidae,  Rhinocerotidae, 
Camelidae,  Oreodontidae,  etc.,  would  cause  bewilderment  to  a  zoologist  to- 
day. Even  those  pertaining  to  families  still  inhabiting  the  earth  would 
for  the  most  part  look  quite  strange  to  us,  being  of  extinct  genera. 

The  Loup  Fork  beds,  referred  to  the  Upper  Miocene,  have  produced 
in  Colorado  about  28  species  of  mammals,  but  even  these  are  nearly 
all  of  extinct  genera,  though  only  two,  possibly  three,  of  the  families  are 
extinct.  We  note  the  arrival  of  the  Elephautidae,  and  the  great  abun- 
dance and  variety  of  Equidae.  As  the  Florissant  shales  are  certainly  not 
late)  than  the  Loup  Fork,  but  doubtless  earlier,  the  opinion  that  the 
families  and  genera  of  aculeate  Hymenoptera  are  much  more  conservative 
than  those  of  Mammalia  seems  justified.  The  same  facts  lead  us  to 
believe  that  the  differences  noted  by  Scudder  between  the  insects  of  the 
Green  River  series  and  Florissant  surely  indicate  a  considerable  difference 


36  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

in  time ;  and  since  the  Florissant  beds  must  for  a  variety  of  reasons  be 
held  to  be  the  later  of  the  two,  the  probability  that  they  are  Miocene 
is  augmented. 

APOIDEA. 

TABLE    OF  SPECIES. 

Three  submarginal  cells 1 

Two  submarginal  cells 5 

1.  Basal  nervure  strongly  curved;  marginal  cell  ending  in  a  point  on  costa; 

insect  small,  about  6|  mm.  long,  anterior  wing  somewhat  over  4  mm. 

Halictus  florissantellus. 
Still  smaller ;  length  about  4i  mm.,  intense  black 

Halictus  scudderiellus. 

Basal  nervure  not,  or  not  strongly,  curved;  larger,  anterior  wing  over  5  mm. 
long 2 

2.  Second   s.  m.   receiving  first  r.  n.   before  the   middle  ;  anterior  wing  about 

8  mm.  long Calyptapis  florissantensis. 

Second  s.  m.  receiving  first  r.  n.  beyond  the  middle,  or  at  apex  ;  anterior  wing 
less  than  7  mm.  long 3 

3.  Point  of  marginal  cell  a  short  distance  from  costa ;  second  r.  n.  bent  near 

upper  end ;  first  s.  m.  shorter  than  second  or  third  on  cubital  nervure 

Lithandrena  saxorum. 
Point  of  marginal  cell  a  short  distance  from  costa ;  second  r.  n.  not  bent  near 

upper  end  ;  size  small Ceratina  disrupta. 

Point  of  marginal  cell  on  costa  ;  second  r.  n.  not  bent  near  upper  end   .    .      4 

4.  Abdomen  normal ;  second  s.  m.  just  three  times  as  broad  below  as  above 

Andrena  sepulta. 
Abdomen  clavate ;  second  s.  m.  narrower,  not  nearly  three  times  as  broad 

below  as  above Andrena  (?)  clavula. 

6.   Stigma  small ;  insect  broad  and  robust 6 

Stigma  fairly  or  quite  large  ;  insect  smaller,  or  less  robust 8 

6.  Abdomen  subglobose,  without  visible  markings ;    second  r.  n.  passing  well 

(about  120  M  )  beyond  apex  of  second  s.  m. ;  breadth  of  marginal  cell  about 

680  /j.     . Dianthidium  tertiaritim. 

Abdomen  longer,  banded 7 

7.  Wings  strongly  infuscated  ;  marginal  cell  about  720  p  broad 

Anthidium  scudderi. 
Wings  clear ;  marginal  cell  about  570  n  broad  .     .     .     .  Anthidium  exhumatum. 

8.  T.  m.  with  the  lower  end  most  apicad,  so  that  it  forms  an  angle  with  b.  n. ; 

eyes  prominent       Libellulapis  antiquorum. 

T.  m.  with  the  lower  end  most  basad  so  that  it  is  in  line  with  lower  end  of  b.  n.   9 

9.  Small,  length  slightly  over  6  mm. ;  abdomen  dark  brown ;  width  of  marginal 

cell  255  ft, Heriades  haUctinus. 

Larger,  length  8  mm.  or  over ;  width  of  marginal  cell  300  n 10 

10.   Abdomen  light  reddish  brown  ;  head  smaller Heriades  laminarum. 

Abdomen  banded  ;  head  larger Heriades  bowditchi. 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       37 

The  following  abbreviations  are  used  :  b.  n.  =  basal  nervure ;  s.  m.  =  submarginal 
cell ;  r.  n.  =  recurrent  nervure ;  t.  m.  =  transverso-medial  nervure ;  t.  c.  =  trans- 
verso-cubital  nervure.  In  the  wing,  breadth  always  means  in  the  direction  of 
the  short  axis  in  the  case  of  the  marginal  cell  and  stigma. 


CERATINIDAE. 
Ceratina  disrupta,  sp.  nor. 

Black  ;  probable  length  about  8  mm.,  or  perhaps  less ;  anterior  wing  about  or 
not  quite  6  mm.,  dusky,  especially  in  marginal  cell  and  beyond ;  head  separated 
a  short  distance  from  body  in  type  and  seen  in  side  view,  about  2175  n  long  and 
1050  from  back  to  front,  with  the  broadly  rounded  cheeks  and  general  appear- 
ance of  Ceratina  ;  stigma  well-developed,  its  width  about  150  (this  and  all  follow- 
ing measurements  in  ji),  its  margin  bordering  marginal  cell  about  300;  marginal 
cell  1350  long,  370  wide,  ending  in  a  point  a  little  away  from  costa;  first  s.  m.  800 
long,  its  length  on  cubital  nervure  525 ;  second  s.  m.  much  narrowed  above  its 
length  on  marginal  200,  on  cubital  nervure  600  ;  third  s.  m.  300  long  on  marginal, 
nearly  600  on  cubital ;  lower  section  of  b.  n.  (bordering  first  discoidal)  gently,  not 
strongly,  curved,  about  676  long ;  length  of  first  discoidal  1500 ;  first  r.  n.  entering 
second  s.  m.  beyond  middle  ;  second  r.  n.  entering  third  s.  m.  160  from  its  end,  the 
upper  end  of  the  nervure  not  bent. 

Type.— No.  2001,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  9355,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

MEGACHILIDAB. 
Anthidium  FABRICITJS. 

The  species  of  Anthidium  differ  among  themselves  in  the  details  of  the 
venation,  as  shown  in  the  following  table  : 

First  r.  n.  meeting  first  t.  c.,  or  passing  a  very  short  distance  beyond  it. 

A.  oblongatum  Latr.  (Europe). 
A.  bernardinum  Ckll.  (So.  Calif.). 
A.  illustre  Cress.  (Western  U.  S.). 
First  r.  n.  passing  a  fair  or  long  distance  beyond  first  t.  c 1 

1.  B.  n.  meeting  t.  m. ;  t.  m.  of  hind  wing  only  moderately  oblique 

A.  stelvides  Spin.  (Chile). 

B.  n.  passing  basad  of  t.  m.  (sometimes  very  slightly) ;  t.  m.  of  hind  wing 
very  oblique 2 

2.  Basal  angle  of  first  s.  m.  about  as  acute  as  angle  formed  by  basal  and  sub- 

costal nervures A.  laterale  Latr.  (Palaearctic). 

Basal  angle  of  first  s.  m.  obviously  more  obtuse  than  angle  formed  by  basal 

and  subcostal  nervures  .     .     .     .   A.  emarginatum  Say  (Colorado,  etc.). 

A.  conspicuum  Cress.  (Colorado,  etc.). 

A.  scudderi,  sp.  nov.  (Florissant). 

A.  exhumatum,  sp.  nov.  (Florissant). 


38     BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

It  thus  appears  that  so  far  as  the  venation  shows,  the  Florissant  species  are 
nearest  to  some  of  those  flying  in  Colorado  at  the  present  day.  In  the  follow- 
ing descriptions,  those  characters  are  italicized  which  may  especially  be  relied 
upon  for  the  separation  of  the  fossil  species. 

Anthidium  scudderi,  sp.  nov. 

Robust,  probably  about  15  mm.  long  (the  end  of  the  abdomen  is  lacking) ; 
width  of  thorax  about  6  mm.  (probably  increased  by  flattening),  of  head  about  4£  ; 
general  appearance  normal ;  head  and  thorax  black,  with  faintly  indicated  light 
markings ;  apparently  the  clypeus  was  light,  and  a  large  patch  on  vertex,  and  a 
pair  of  longitudinal  subdorsal  stripes  on  anterior  part  of  thorax  (mesothorax),  but 
these  markings,  vaguely  indicated  by  reddish  color,  may  not  truly  represent  the 
tegumentary  colors  ;  mandibles  apparently  short  and  heavy ;  antennae  and  legs  not 
visible ;  abdomen  broad,  very  pale  reddish,  with  the  hind  margins  of  the  segments 
infuscated,  the  darkening  strongest  on  the  actual  margin,  and  gradually  fading 
anteriorly,  the  dark  band  occupying  about  a  third  of  the  visible  part  of  the  segment 
(much  less  on  the  first) ;  on  the  second  to  fourth  segments  are  rather  poorly  indi- 
cated dark  marks  in  the  subbasal  region  in  the  middle  line,  and  on  each  extreme 
lateral  margin,  apparently  indicating  a  subbasal  band  very  broadly  interrupted  in 
the  subdorsal  region ;  it  is  perhaps  probable  that  the  abdomen  was  in  life  yellow 
marked  with  ferruginous  ;  the  apparent  pattern  is  not  quite  like  that  of  any 
modern  species  before  me,  but  it  is  not  difficult  to  see  how  it  might  become  modified 
into  some  of  the  patterns  seen  in  modern  Rocky  Mountain  species.  Quite  a  close 
general  resemblance  is  shown  by  the  abdominal  pattern  of  A.  bernardinum,  but  in 
that  species  the  lateral  subbasal  dark  spots  are  much  nearer  the  middle  line. 

Anterior  wings  about  8  mm.  long  ;  wings  strongly  infuscated,  except  in  the  basal 
region,  conspicuously  hairy.  Venation  in  general  quite  normal ;  marginal  cell  broad, 
its  width  about  720  n;  b.  n.  going  only  just  basad  of  t.  n. ;  first  r.  n.  joining 
second  s.  m.  a  long  distance  (quite  420  ^u)  from  base  ;  discoidal  nervure  oblique 
and  curved,  so  that  the  second  discoidal  cell  is  conspicuously  longer  on  lower  than  on 
upper  side,  the  upper  outer  corner  being  very  obtusely  rounded.  Hind  wing  with 
t.  m.  long  and  very  oblique. 

Type.  —  No.  2002,  Mus.  Comp.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,381,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  Dedicated  to  Mr.  Scudder. 

Anthidium  exhumatum,  sp.  nov. 

<f  Robust;  length  13$  mm. ;  width  of  head  a  little  over  4,  of  thorax  about  5,  of 
abdomen  about  6|  mm.,  these  measurements  (particularly  the  last)  no  doubt 
increased  by  crushing ;  head  and  thorax  black  without  any  apparent  markings ; 
mesothorax  coarsely  roughened ;  ocelli  large,  not  approaching  eyes,  distance  be- 
tween middle  and  lateral  ocelli  a  little  less  than  the  diameter  of  one ;  abdomen 
with  broad  pale  reddish  bands,  the  hind  margins  of  the  segments  not  darkened,  nor  any 
spots  visible ;  apex  broadly  rounded,  no  processes  or  teeth  being  visible,  but  a  large 
quadrate  area  is  occupied  by  the  genitalia,  the  exact  structure  of  which  cannot  be 
made  out ;  hind  tarsi  apparently  broad  and  flattened ;  hind  tibiae  with  a  rather 
abundant  hairy  scopa.  Wings  colorless ;  nervures  pale;  marginal  cell  not  so  broad 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.        39 

as  in  A.  scudderi  (its  breadth  about  570  /u) ;  stigma  shorter  and  smaller,  more  like  that 
of  Megachile ;  second  discoidal  cell  with  the  upper  and  lower  sides  about  equal,  the 
upper  apical  corner  hardly  depressed  ;  b.  n.  almost  meeting  t.  m. ;  first  r.  n.  passing 
some  distance  beyond  first  t.  c. ;  second  perhaps  passing  slightly  beyond  apex  of 
second  s.  m. ;  second  (morphologically  third)  t.  c.  strongly  bent  near  the  middle; 
t.  m.  of  hind  wing  hard  to  see  but  oblique. 

Type.  —No.  2003,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  13,709,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.)  and  reverse  of  the  same  specimen  (No.  11,388,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 

This  is  not  quite  so  typical  an  Anthidiuni  as  A.  scudderi,  but  I  think  it  can- 
not be  referred  to  any  other  genus.  These  bees  are  referred  to  Anthidium  and 
not  to  Megachile,  not  only  because  of  the  color  of  the  abdomen,  but  also  on 
account  of  the  characters  of  the  venation.  The  following  comparison  shows 
the  difference  in  venation  between  A .  scudderi  and  Megachile  calogaster : 

A.  SCUDDERI.  M.  CALOGASTER. 

B.  n.  goes  a  little  basad  of  t.  m.  B.  n.  falls  a  little  short  of  t.  m. 

First  r.  n.  joins  second  s.  m.  at  a  First  r.  n.  joins  second  s.  m.  at  a 

distance  from  its  base  almost  as  great  distance  from  its  base  not  greater  than 

as  half  length  of  r.  n.  one  quarter  length  of  r.  n. 

Stigma  larger  and  more  pointed.  Stigma  small  and  truncate. 

Marginal  cell  conspicuously  broader  Marginal  cell  conspicuously  narrower 

than  greatest  breadth  of  first  s.  m.  than  greatest  breadth  of  first  s.  m. 

First  discoidal  much  broader.  First  discoidal  long  and  narrow. 

Second  r.  n.  not  well  seen,  but  en-  Second  r.  n.    enters    second  s.   m. 

ters  second  s.  m.  at  or  very  near  tip.  about  as  far  from  apex  as  first  r.  n.  does 

T.  m.  of  hind  wing  very  oblique.  from  base. 

T.  m.  of  hind  wing  not  or  hardly 
oblique. 

Specimen  No.  8444  is  an  Anthidium  exactly  agreeing  with  A.  exhumatum  in 
the  width  of  the  marginal  cell  and  in  the  shape  of  the  second  discoidal,  but 
having  most  of  the  venation  obliterated.  It  differs  by  the  strongly  banded 
abdomen  (suggestive  of  the  living  A.  occidentale),  which,  however,  is  not 
spotted.  It  appears  to  be  a  female,  and  I  little  doubt  that  it  represents  that 
sex  of  A.  exhumatum. 

Dianthidium  tertiarium,  sp.  nov. 

<f  Body  black  or  dark  brown,  without  visible  markings  ;  head  lacking  ;  length, 
exclusive  of  head,  about  8  mm. ;  width  of  thorax  about  4J,  of  abdomen  about  4-J 
mm.;  anterior  wing  about  9  mm.  lon<r,  slightly  dusky,  with  the  nervures  dark ; 
abdomen  subglobose,  terminating  in  two  rather  small  and  obscure  tubercles,  which 
are  about  as  far  distant  as  the  breadth  of  the  basal  joint  of  hind  tarsus  at  apex; 
posterior  claws  with  a  strong  inner  tooth.  Venation  of  anterior  wings  normal  ; 
first  r.  n.  ending  about  300  /u  from  base  of  second  s.  m. ;  second  r.  n.  passing  about 


40  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

120  n  beyond  apex  of  second  s.  m. ;  marginal  cell  about  630  /*  broad  ;  first  s.  m. 
narrower  than  in  Anthidium  exhumatum  ;  t.  m.  obliterated. 

The  general  shape  and  the  structure  of  apex  of  abdomen  seem  to  indicate  a 
species  of  the  subgenus  Anthidiellum,  allied  to  the  modern  D.  gilense  Ckll.  The 
venation  agrees  well  with  D.  gilense,  except  that  the  first  r.  n.  enters  the  second 
B.  m.  at  a  greater  distance  from  the  base  and  the  marginal  cell  is  more  evenly 
rounded  at  apex. 

Type.  —  No.  2004,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  806,  S.  H.  Scud- 
der  Coll.). 

Heriades  laminarum,  sp.  nov. 

Length  8  mm.,  robust,  head  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  very  light  reddish  brown, 
doubtless  red  in  life  ;  width  of  abdomen  3  mm. ;  length  of  anterior  wing  about  4£ 
mm.,  venation  pale  reddish-brown ;  stigma  fairly  large,  vein  separating  first  s.  m. 
from  marginal  cell ,  not  quite  as  long  as  that  separating  stigma  from  marginal 
cell;  marginal  cell  narrow  and  long,  its  width  300  yu,  its  apex  rounded;  first  dis- 
coidal  about  225  /x  shorter  than  marginal ;  first  s.  m.,  on  cubital  nervure,  about  075 
/i  long,  r.  n.  about  but  its  total  length  is  about  810 ;  second  s.  m.  about  645  long, 
receiving  first  r.  n.  about  100  /*  from  base,  and  second  r.  n.  hardly  30  from  apex  ; 
b.  n.  bent,  falling  a  little  short  of  t.  m. ;  t.  m.  in  a  line  with  lower  part  of  b.  n. 
(which  shows  that  the  bee  is  not  a  Panurgid) ;  third  discoidal  shorter  than  in 
H.  truncorum.  T.  m.  of  hind  wing  not  at  all  oblique. 

Type.— No.  2005,  Mus.  Comp.,  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  3062,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  This  looks  like  Proteriades  semirubra  (Heriades  semirubra 
Ckll.),  but  it  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  ordinary  species  of  Heriades. 

Heriades  halictinus,  sp.  nov. 

?  Length  slightly  over  6  mm. ;  anterior  wing  about  4  mm. ;  stout-bodied,  head 
and  thorax  black,  abdomen  dark  brown  ;  eyes  narrow.  Stigma  large ;  marginal 
cell  about  975  /t  long  and  255  wide,  end  rounded ;  length  of  first  s.  m.  on  cubital 
nervure  about  555;  length  of  second  s.  m.  about  610,  it  is  not  greatly  narrowed 
above,  its  outer  margin  presents  a  gentle  double  curve ;  lower  edge  of  first  s.  m. 
straight;  upper  apical  corner  of  second  discoidal  rounded;  lower  section  of  b.  n. 
curved  as  in  Halictus,  meeting  t.  m. ;  first  r.  n.  joining  second  s.  m.  at  a  distance 
from  its  base  equal  to  about  half  length  of  first  t.  c. ;  second  r  .  n.  joining  cell  at 
its  extreme  apex  ;  length  of  lower  (curved)  part  of  b.  n.  about  300  M- 

Type.  —  No.  2006,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  10,564,  S.  H- 
Scudder  Coll.). 

At  first  sight  one  would  take  this  for  a  small  Halictus,  but  the  t.  m.  and 
various  other  characters  indicate  its  true  affinity.  Compared  with  Halictus 
similis,  the  principal  differences  in  venation  are  as  follows  : 

(1)  Straight  section  of  b.  n.  (bounding  first  s.  m.)  almost  as  long  as  curved 

section  (only  about  a  quarter  as  long  in  H.  similis). 

(2)  Only  two  submarginal  cells. 

(3)  Second  r.  n.  joining  second   (morphologically  third)   s.  m.  at  extreme 

apex  (far  from  apex  of  third  in  H.  similis). 


COCKERELL:    FOSSIL   HYMENOPTEKA   FROM   FLORISSANT.          41 

(4)  Second  (morphologically  third)  t.  c.  strong  (third  weak  in  H.  similis). 

(5)  B.  n.  meets  t.  m.,  which  is  curved  in  an  opposite  direction  to  b.  n., 

its  lower  end  oblique  and  more  basad  than  the  upper  (less  basad  in 
H.  similis'). 

The  H.  similis  used  for  comparison  is  the  form  obtained  by  Mr.  Lovell  in 
Maine. 

From  Heriades  laminarum,  the  present  species  is  easily  known  by  its  darker 
abdomen  and  smaller  si/e,  as  shown  especially  in  the  wing-measurements. 

Heriades  bowditchi,  sp.  nov. 

No.  13,761  is  larger  (length,  with  the  head  thrust  forward,  10  mm.) ;  the 
thorax  was  evidently  very  coarsely  punctate,  the  punctures  contiguous ;  the 
following  measurements  are  in  /*;  curved  portion  of  b.  n.,  300;  straight  por- 
tion a  little  longer ;  width  of  marginal  ceU,  300  ;  its  length,  about  1350.  The 
t.  m.  is  as  in  the  other  species.  Head  large,  slightly  wider  than  thorax  ; 
abdomen  light-colored,  with  the  apex  brown  (doubtless  black  in  life),  and  two 
broad  entire  brown  bands  on  the  apical  half.  The  anterior  wing  (not  perfectly 
preserved)  must  have  been  a  trifle  over  5  mm.  long.  This  differs  from  H. 
laminarum  by  the  very  decidedly  larger  head,  and  the  banded  abdomen.  The 
apex  of  the  marginal  cell,  seen  from  one  direction,  seems  to  be  very  obliquely 
truncate,  but  this  may  be  illusory.  The  stigma  is  pale,  but  it  is  certainly 
much  longer,  and  more  slender  than  in  H.  laminarum. 

A  second  example  (No.  13,436,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.)  confirms  the  validity  of  this 
species.  The  specimen  is  clearly  a  ?. 

The  abdomen  has  broad  entire  reddish-brown  banda  on  the  first  four  segments, 
that  on  the  first  being  faint ;  the  marginal  cell  is  pointed  at  tip,  not  obliquely  trun- 
cate ;  its  length,  measured  in  this  specimen,  is  the  same  as  in  the  type.  The  t.  m. 
curves  inwards  below,  as  in  the  type.  The  legs  are  hairy. 

Type.  —  No.  2007,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  13,761,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  Named  after  Mr.  F.  C.  Bowditch,  Mr.  Scudder's  companion 
at  Florissant. 

ANTHOPHORIDAE. 
Calyptapis,  gen.  nov. 

Stigma  small  but  rather  broad,  about  like  that  of  Melissodes,  the  part  within  the 
marginal  cell  smaller  than  that  without;  marginal  cell  large  and  broad,  the  tip 
away  from  costa,  obtusely  rounded,  not  at  all  appendiculate ;  three  submarginal 
cells,  the  third  very  long,  and  considerably  the  longest,  narrowed  a  little  more  than  half 
to  marginal ;  the  third  t.  c.with  a  very  distinct  double  curve,  but  not  abruptly  bent, 
the  cell  (third  s.  m.)  slightly  appendiculate  at  its  apical  point,  which  is  not  far  from 
the  point  of  junction  of  the  second  r.  n.,  the  latter  joining  at  the  end  of  the  straight 
lower  margin,  at  the  beginning  of  the  upward  curve,  about  as  in  Melissodes  atripes  ; 
second  s.  m.  pentagonal,  the  lower  inner  corner  produced  to  considerably  less  than  a 
right  angle ;  the  cell  is  rather  large,  broader  below  than  high,  narrowing  above, 


42  BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

from  the  obliquity  of  the  first  t.  c. ;  it  receives  first  r.  n.  before  the  middle,  at  a  point 
almost  beneath  the  upper  insertion  of  the  first  t.  c. ;  first  s.  m.  longer  and  larger 
than  second,  but  not  very  greatly  so,  its  lower  margin  gently  curved,  giving  it  a 
considerable  breadtli ;  b.  n.  straight,  except  hear  the  basad  end,  where  it  bends 
downwards,  and  is  attached  a  short  distance  basad  of  the  t.  m.;  t.  rn.  not  oblique; 
second  r.  n.  gently  curved  outwards,  its  junction  with  the  third  s.  m.  forming  an  angle 
greater  than  a  right  angle ;  second  discoidal  cell  longer  below  than  above,  but  not 
very  greatly ;  first  discoidal  not  so  long  as  marginal,  but  not  greatly  shorter.  The 
structural  characters  of  the  body  cannot  be  ascertained. 

Calyptapis  florissantensis,  sp.  nov. " 

Black  ;  anterior  wing  8  mm.  long,  venation  distinct,  brown.  The  following 
measurements  are  in  /x :  width  of  marginal  cell,  630  ;  length  of  t.  m.,  300;  width 
of  second  discoidal  cell  at  apex,  825 ;  from  insertion  of  second  r.  n.  to  appendix  at 
end  of  third  s.  m.,  135 ;  distance  between  insertion  of  first  r.  n.  and  base  of  second 
s.  m.,  375 ;  length  of  b.  n.  about  1875. 

Type.  —  2008,  Mus.  Com.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  4933,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 

So  far  as  the  venation  goes,  this  genus  is  not  far  from  certain  species  of  the 
modern  Melissodes.  If  it  were  a  living  insect,  differing  from  Melissodes  only 
in  the  manner  indicated,  it  might  be  held  to  typify  only  a  subgeneric  group  ; 
but  under  the  circumstances,  and  with  a  probability  that  the  mouth-parts,  etc., 
if  preserved,  would  afford  additional  characters,  it  seems  best  to  treat  it  as  a 
distinct  genus.  It  is  probably  too  much  to  hope  that  fossil  Anthophoridae  will 
ever  be  found,  showing  adequately  the  palpi  and  other  minute  characters  so 
useful  in  segregating  modern  genera. 


ANDRBNIDAE. 
Libellulapis,  gen.  nov. 

?  Eyes  apparently  very  prominent,  the  anterior  part  of  face  produced  ;  first 
s.  m.  not  so  long ;  second  discoidal  narrower  at  end  ;  second  r.  n.  curved  or  bent  out- 
wards (straight  in  Parandrena)  ;  size  small,  abdomen  conspicuously  banded.  The 
head,  as  preserved,  has  a  singular  resemblance  to  that  of  a  dragonfly. 

Libellulapis  antiquorum,  sp.  nov. 

?  Length  about  6  mm. ;  anterior  wing  about  5  mm. ;  width  of  thorax  about  2|,  of 
abdomen  about  2  mm.  Head  and  thorax  black  ;  eyes  prominent ;  flagellum  stout ; 
abdomen  colorless,  with  a  large  brown  patch  on  each  side  of  middle  of  third  seg- 
ment ;  segments  4  and  5  each  with  a  very  broad  entire  brown  band ;  6  with  a 
fainter  band ;  middle  and  hind  femora  stout ;  venation  brown ;  stigma  large,  but 
rather  slender,  with  a  large  part  in  marginal  cell,  width  of  stigma  about  195  /x  (all 
the  following  measurements  are  in  p)  ;  marginal  cell  long  and  narrow,  the  tip  on 
costa,  width  of  cell  about  300 ;  b.  n.  practically  straight,  except  a  slight  bend  at 
proximal  end,  meeting  t.  m.,  which  is  oblique,  at  least  45°  out  of  the  straight  line 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       43 

with  b.  n.  ;  first  s.  m.  on  cubital  nervure  about  630  long,  its  lower  edge  straight 
(which  distinguishes  it  from  Halictoides) ;  second  the  same  length,  but  only  360  long 
on  marginal,  the  second  t.  c.  with  a  double  curve  ;  first  r.  n.  entering  second  s.  m. 
about  150  from  base,  second  about  60  from  apex ;  breadth  of  second  discoidal  at 
base  195,  at  apex  about  390.  Compared  with  Halictoides  maurus  it  differs  by  the 
second  s.  m.  being  much  broader  above,  and  receiving  the  second  r.  n.  nearer  its 
end,  by  the  larger  and  narrower  second  discoidal,  and  the  lower  edge  of  first  s.  m. 
practically  straight.  Compared  with  Hesperapis  rhodoceratus,  the  insertion  of  the  re- 
current nervures  is  different,  and  the  second  r.  n.  in  particular  is  quite  different  in 
its  direction,  etc. ;  the  straight  lower  edge  of  first  s.  m.  agrees.  Compared  with 
Parandrena  andrenoides,  the  stigma  is  smaller,  and  the  second  discoidal  is  not  so 
broad  apically.  It  does  not  agree  with  Diandrena  or  Biareolina. 

Type.  —  No.  2009,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  9061,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

A  second  example  (No.  8560,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.)  shows  that  the  legs  are 
dark  and  hairy  ;  the  mandibles  bidentate,  the  inner  tooth  rounded  and  small  ; 
flagellum  about  195  n  broad  ;  abdominal  bands  not  well  preserved,  but  a  dark 
patch  at  apex.  This  example  shows  the  same  curiously  prominent  eyes  as  the 
type,  hence  it  does  not  seem  likely  that  the  feature  can  be  due  in  some  acci- 
dent of  crushing.  The  eyes  stand  out  on  each  side  of  the  head  to  an  extent  of  at 
least  300  n,  forming  an  angle  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  face,  which  appears 
quadrate,  twice  as  broad  as  long.  The  eyes  of  Parandrena  are  prominent,  espe- 
cially in  the  male,  but  they  do  not  look  like  those  of  Libellulapis. 

Halictus  florissantellus,  sp.  nov. 

?  Length  about  6£  mm. ;  stout-bodied  ;  head,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  black  ; 
width  of  thorax  2  mm.,  of  abdomen  slightly  more ;  length  of  anterior  wing  some- 
what over  4  mm.,  stigma  and  nervures  dark ;  middle  tibia  very  much  broader  than 
basal  joint  of  its  tarsus  (breadth  of  tibia  263  n,  of  basal  joint  of  tarsus  120) ;  b.  n. 
strongly  curved,  normal  for  Halictus,  curved  part 465  /tlong,  straight  (upper)  part 
about  150 ;  t.  m.  a  little  oblique,  a  little  basad  of  b.  n.,  but  not  separated  from  it  by 
an  interval,  its  lower  end  more  apicad,  as  is  normal  for  Halictus  ;  width  of  second 
discoidal  at  base  225 ;  stigma  large,  about  165  ju  broad ;  marginal  cell  about  270 
broad,  ending  in  a  point  on  costa  ;  wings  quite  hairy  in  costal  region  anterior  to 
stigma  ;  first  r.  n.  joining  cubital  nervure  690  /x  from  base  ;  submarginal  cells  not 
traceable. 

Type.  —  No.  2010,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  921,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.). 

Although  only  part  of  the  venation  is  preserved,  this,  and  the  general  appear- 
ance of  the  insect,  agree  with  Halictus,  and  the  generic  reference  seems  safe. 

Halictus  scudderiellus,  sp.  nov. 

?  Length  about  4J  mm.,  anterior  wing  about  2f ;  intense  black,  including  legs 
except  tarsi,  which  are  pale  reddish ;  antennae  stout,  breadth  of  fiagellum  about 


44  BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

150  ft ;  legs  normal,  breadth  of  hind  tibiae  about  255  ft,  of  the  basal  joint  of  their 
tarsi  about  150 ;  dorso-ventral  diameter  of  abdomen  about  1350  ft,  length  of  head 
about  the  same ;  costa  somewhat  arched ;  stigma  large  and  black ;  marginal 
cell  about  900  ft.  long  and  196  wide,  ending  in  a  point  on  costa;  first  section 
of  b.  n.  about  150  ft  long ;  second  section  curved,  fully  375  ft  long ;  second  s.  m. 
on  marginal  a  little  over  150  ft  long,  on  cubital  nervure  slightly  over  300,  the  second 
t.  c.  curved  outwards. 

Type.— No.  2011,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  1966,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

Lithandrena,  gen.  nov. 

A  geuus  of  Andreninae,  allied  to  Andrena.  It  differs  from  Andrena  and 
Nomia  in  the  second  r.  n.,  which  is  strongly  bent  in  its  upper  part,  straight 
but  oblique  below  ;  from  Andrena  it  differs  in  the  proportions  of  the  subrnar- 
ginal  cells  (see  the  dimensions  given  below)  ;  and  from  Nomia  by  the  tip  of 
the  marginal  cell,  which  is  pointed,  and  a  little  away  from  costa.  The  general 
appearance  is  that  of  an  Andrena,  but  it  cannot  be  referred  to  that  or  any  other 
genus  known  to  me.  In  Cresson's  table  it  seems  to  run  to  Ceratina,  but  it  is 
not  allied  to  that  genus. 

Lithandrena  saxorum,  sp.  nov. 

$  Length  8f  mm.,  anterior  wing  about  5£ ;  diameter  of  thorax  3,  head  the  same, 
of  abdomen  3£  mm. ;  head  and  thorax  black ;  abdomen  light,  with  a  broad  entire 
dark  band  on  each  segment ;  legs  hairy  ;  flagellum  rather  stout,  diameter  195  ft. 
In  the  following  account  of  the  anterior  wing  the  measurements  are  in  ft:  stigma 
well-developed,  diameter  175,  length  of  the  part  within  marginal  cell  360 ;  marginal 
cell  long  and  pointed,  length  1620,  breadth  405,  apex  pointed,  away  from  costa,  but 
distance  from  apex  to  opposite  point  on  costa  scarcely  65 ;  three  submarginal  cells  ; 
total  length  of  first  s.  m.  900,  but  its  length  on  cubital  nervure  only  570,  the  first 
t.  c.  being  remarkably  oblique,  and  having  its  lower  part  curved ;  length  of  second 
s.  m.  on  cubital  nervure  615,  but  it  is  greatly  narrowed  above,  its  length  on  mar- 
ginal being  only  150;  first  r.  n.  joining  second  s.  m.  90  from  end;  length  of  third 
s.  m.  about  676,  but  it  is  greatly  narrowed  to  marginal,  its  length  above  being 
about  270 ;  second  r.  n.  with  a  strong  bend  at  the  end  of  the  upper  two  fifths, 
the  lower  three  fifths  straight ;  length  of  first  discoidal  cell  1650 ;  b.  n.  meeting 
t.  m. ;  lower  section  of  b.  n.  slightly  curved  (but  not  more  so  than  in  some  forms  of 
Andrena),  and  more  than  twice  as  long  as  upper  one  (length  of  lower  section  630, 
of  upper  300)  ;  t.  m.  oblique,  its  lower  end  more  apicad  (as  in  Andrenines,  Pan- 
urgids,  etc. ) 

Type.  —  No.  2012,  Mus.  Com.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  8219,  S.wH. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

Andrena  sepulta,  sp.  nov. 

$.  Length  9  mm.;  width  of  thorax  2.J  mm.,  of  head  and  abdomen  about  the 
same ;  abdomen  of  normal  shape  ;  flagellum  stout ;  there  is  an  appearance  as  if 
the  eyes  nearly  met  on  the  vertex,  but  I  think  this  is  illusory,  resulting  from  the 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       45 

way  the  head  is  crushed ;  head  and  thorax  black  ;  abdomen  nearly  colorless,  with 
broad  suffused  reddish-brown  bands  on  apical  margins  of  the  first  three  segments, 
the  apex  also  dark;  abdomen  hairy  all  over;  legs  light  reddish-brown,  hind  tibia 
about  If  mm.  long,  tarsi  hairy  ;  wings  very  hairy.  The  following  wing-measure- 
ments are  all  in  /i :  stigma  large,  pointed  apically,  width  about  300,  part  within 
marginal  cell  about  450  long  ;  marginal  cell  long  and  pointed,  the  apex  on  costa, 
length  of  cell  1605,  breadth  375 ;  three  submarginals,  first  and  third  long,  second 
short,  much  narrowed  above,  almost  triangular,  third  much  narrowed  above  ;  first 
s.  m.  on  cubital  nervure  810,  its  total  length  1125 ;  second  a.  m.  on  cubital  n., 
405,  on  marginal,  135 ;  third  s.  m.  on  cubital  n.,  720,  on  marginal,  330 ;  bend  of 
third  t.  c.  about  210  from  cubital  n. ;  first  r.  n.  enters  second  s.  m.  at  extreme  apex, 
second  enters  third  s.  m.  about  90  from  apex ;  second  r.  n.  leaves  cubital  n.  at  a 
right  angle,  but  gently  curves  inwards,  being  nowhere  at  all  bent ;  upper  section  of 
b.  n.  330  ;  lower  section  630;  lower  section  gently  curved,  but  not  at  all  as  in  the 
Halictines ;  b.  n.  falling  about  60  short  of  t.  m.,  which  is  oblique,  its  lower  end 
more  apicad. 

Type.  —  No.  2013,  Mus.  Comp.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  14,288,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  The  venation  is  not  exactly  like  that  of  any  modern,  species 
with  which  I  have  compared,  it,  but  the  differences  are  unimportant. 

Andrena  ( ?  )  clavula,  sp.  nov. 

9.  Length  8.  mm.;  width  of  thorax  3,  of  head  2;  length  of  anterior  wing  6f 
mm. ;  eyes  ordinary  ;  flagellum  stout,  subclavate,  rather  short,  about  300  ^  broad 
near  end  ;  head  and  thorax  black,  femora  dark ;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  apparently 
pale,  but  middle  tibiae  dark  ;  wings  somewhat  dusky  ;  abdomen  subclavate,  dark 
reddish-brown,  with  three  rather  narrow  pale  bands,  occupying  hind  margins  of 
segments  2  to  4  and  the  extreme  bases  of  the  adjacent  segments. 

Venation  (front  wings)  as  in  A.  sepulta,  except  that  second  s.  m.  is  narrower  and 
more  parallel-sided.  Measurements  in  /*  :  width  of  stigma  240;  length  of  marginal 
cell  about  1455,  its  width  360  ;  lower  section  of  b.  n.,  630  ;  second  s.  m.  on  cubital 
n.,  360,  on  marginal,  155. 

Type.  —No.  2014,  Mus.  Comp.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  6963,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  The  shape  of  the  abdomen  is  like  that  of  a  ?  Ceratina,  or 
possibly  certain  Halictines,  but  the  venation  does  not  agree  with  these.  As 
the  venation  is  exactly  the  same  (speaking  generically)  as  that  of  A. 
it  seems  that  the  insect  should  be  considered  congeneric. 


SPHECOIDEA. 

CRABRONIDAE. 
Tracheliodes  mortuellus,  sp.  nov. 

Black;  length  7  mm.  or  somewhat  more;  abdomen  petiolate;  wings  short; 
metathorax  coarsely  striate  or  ridged  ;  upper  posterior  part  of  pleura  finely  striat- 
ulate  ;  ocelli  large,  in  a  fairly  high  but  not  nearly  equilateral  triangle  ;  mandibles 
stout,  bent  inwards  apically  (i.  e.  the  outer  edge  becoming  very  convex),  with  the 


46  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF  COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

cutting  edge  sinuate,  but  not  distinctly  bidentate  ;  venation  nearly  as  Kohl  figures 
for  Tracheliodes  megerlei  (Brachymerus  megerlei  Dahlb.),  but  having  the  stigma 
longer  and  narrower ;  the  cells  are  practically  the  same ;  the  costal  cell  is  almost 
obsolete.  Measurements  in  p :  length  of  marginal  cell,  705 ;  its  breadth,  225 ;  its 
breadth  at  the  truncate  end,  135 ;  length  of  stigma,  420 ;  its  breadth,  105 ;  length 
of  s.  m.,  760 ;  length  of  first  discoidal  cell,  also  750 ;  length  of  second  discoidal, 
540;  r.  n.  joining  s.  m.  at  middle  ;  t.  m.  a  short  distance  basad  of  b.  n. 

Type.  —  No.  2015,  Mus.  Cornp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  3200,  S.  H. 
Seudder  Coll.).  I  use  the  name  proposed  by  Morawitz  (1866)  for  this  genus, 
because  Brachymerus  Dahlbom,  1845,  though  earlier,  is  a  homonym.  The 
genus  has  not  hitherto  been  recognized  in  America,  and  it  may  be  that  if  all 
the  parts  (e.  g.  of  the  mouth,  etc.)  of  the  extinct  form  could  be  examined,  it 
would  be  found  genetically  separable.  At  present,  however,  I  can  find  no 
grounds  for  separation. 

PEMPHREDONIDAE. 
Passaloecus  scudderi,  sp.  nov. 

Length  6£  mm. ;  black,  with  a  large,  broad  (width  about  2£  mm.)  head,  globose 
thorax,  and  narrow  sessile  abdomen ;  breadth  of  thorax  2^,  of  abdomen  about  1£ 
mm.,  hind  margins  of  abdominal  segments  broadly  rather  pale  brown;  ocelli 
normal;  anterior  wing  about  3^  mm.  long,  venation  rather  pale  brown;  stigma 
rather  large,  about  135  /t  broad ;  marginal  cell  normal ;  first  s.  m.  about  780  /* 
long;  second  s.  m.  255  long  and  about  375  high,  its  sides  parallel;  b.  n.  strongly 
curved ;  first  r.  n.  entering  first  s.  m.  about  135  ju  from  its  end  ;  second  r.  n.  joining 
second  s.  m.  very  slightly  beyond  the  middle ;  apical  corner  of  first  discoidal 
rather  more  elongated  and  pointed  than  usual;  b.  n.  falling  a  little  short  of  t.  m.; 
second  discoidal  oblique,  slanting  downwards  apicad. 

Type.  —  No.  2016,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  8758,  S.  H. 
Seudder  Coll.).  Closely  allied  to  existing  United  States  species. 

PHILANTHIDAE. 
Prophilanthus,  gen.  nov. 

Large  and  robust,  with  a  sessile  abdomen ;  stigma  little  developed ;  marginal 
cell  narrowly  but  very  obtusely  rounded  at  apex,  the  apical  point  away  from  costa, 
and  quite  without  an  appendix ;  third  submarginal  cell  very  broad,  and  equally 
broad  above  and  below ;  basal  nervure  joining  subcostal  a  long  way  basad  of 
stigma.  Compared  with  Philanthus  albifrons  Cresson,  the  fossil  insect  showed  the 
following  differences :  — 

(1)  Portion  of  stigma  in  marginal  cell  shorter. 

(2)  Marginal  cell  bulging  basally,  i.  e.,  in  the  direction  of  the  first  t.  c. 

(3)  Marginal  cell  with  apex  rounded,  the  apical  point  not  on  costa. 

(4)  Third  t.  c.  arched,  with  more  or  less  of  a  double  curve  (a  character  of 
Philoponus). 

(5)  Second  s.  m.  broader,  and  receiving  first  r.  n.  more  distinctly  before  middle. 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTEKA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       47 

(6)  Third  a.  m.  very  much  broader  above,  being  equally  broad  (1050/*)  above 
and  below. 

(7)  Prothorax,  mesothorax,  and  metathorax  longitudinally  striate,  especially 
the  protliorax.     (Very  faint  striation  of  the  protliorax  is  visible  in  P.  albifrons.) 

Other  characters  are  :  width  of  third  discoidal  at  base  somewhat  less  than 
greatest  width  of  first  discoidal  ;  first  t.  c.  not  angulated  at  basal  third  ;  second 
discoidal  cell  more  than  twice  as  long  as  its  width  at  apex  ;  cubital  nervure  not 
bent,  but  slightly  curved  downwards,  at  end  of  first  discoidal  ;  lower  section  of 
b.  n.  (bordering  first  discoidal)  about  twice  as  long  as  upper. 

Prophilanthus  destructus,  sp.  nov. 

Length  about  20  mm.,  robust,  with  a  thick  sessile  abdomen,  which  appears  to 
have  had  very  broad  black  bands  alternating  with  narrower  yellow  ones  ;  antennae 
6  mm.  long,  ordinary,  the  scape  thick,  flagellum  black  ;  length  of  anterior  wing 
12£  mm.  ;  costa,  up  to  base  of  marginal  cell,  broadly  and  very  deeply  infuscated, 
apex  also  clouded;  marginal  cell  3  mm.  long,  only  just  surpassing  apex  of  third 
s.  m.  ;  first  s.  m.  3  mm.  long  ;  second  and  third  submarginal  cells  combined,  on 
cubital  nervure,  3  mm.  long;  first  discoidal  cell  4£  mm.  long,  cr  nearly;  second 
r.  n.  nearly  straight,  slightly  bowed  outwards  ;  second  s.  m.  very  broad  below  ; 
origin  of  first  t.  c.  to  insertion  of  first  r.  n.,  450  /a;  insertion  of  first  r.  n.  to  origin 
of  second  t.  c.,  976  /*  ;  origin  of  second  t.  c.  to  insertion  of  second  r.  n.,  less  than 


Type.—  No.  2017,  Mas.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  7762,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

NYSSONIDAE. 
Hoplisidia,  gen.  nov. 

Size  rather  large  ;  thorax  hairy,  the  hairs  long  and  quite  simple  ;  abdomen  sub- 
cylindrical,  broadest  at  the  apex  of  second  segment  ;  first  segment  comparatively 
small,  but  not  petiolate  ;  apex  pointed;  the  form  of  the  insect  like  Gorytes  or 
Hoplisus  ;  stigma  very  narrow,  almost  obsolete  ;  three  submarginal  cells,  the  first 
at  least  as  long  as  the  other  two  combined,  the  b.  n.  joining  subcostal  very  far 
basad  of  the  stigma  ;  second  s.  m.  broad,  receiving  the  recurrent  nervures  near  the 
end  of  the  first  and  second  thirds,  the  second  r.  n.  curved  and  bent  backwards  to 
its  point  of  insertion  ;  third  s.  m.  about  twice  as  broad  below  as  above  ;  marginal 
cell  narrowly  rounded  at  apex  ;  first  discoidal  conspicuously  longer  than  marginal  ; 
b.  n.  sharply  bent  at  origin  of  cubital  ;  b.  n.  meeting  t.  m.,  or  practically  so;  hind 
wings  with  cubital  nervure  exactly  meeting  t.  m.,  which  goes  downwards  for  a 
short  distance,  and  is  then  bent,  finishing  its  course  very  obliquely.  Among  the 
Gorytinae,  this  falls  closest  to  Hoplisus  by  the  venation  of  the  hind  wings.  It  is 
peculiar  for  the  very  long  first  s.  m.,  the  b.  n.  meeting  t.  m.,  the  reduced  stigma, 
and  the  long  first  discoidal,  the  whole  combination  seeming  to  exclude  it  from  the 
modern  genera.  The  upper  apical  corner  of  the  second  discoidal  is  obtuse,  as  in 
Gorytes  mystaceus,  not  acute  as  in  G.  (Hoplisus)  quadrifasciatus.  The  second  t.  c. 
is  much  less  oblique  than  in  either  of  the  species  just  cited,  being  very  nearly 
vertical,  and  not  at  all  parallel  with  the  third  t.  c. 


48  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF   COMPAKATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 


Hoplisidia  kohliana,  sp.  nov. 

Length  (but  in  a  somewhat  disintegrated  condition)  about  20  mm.;  anterior 
wings  about  11£  mm.,  with  a  dusky  cloud  in  the  second  s.  m.,  and  suffusedly 
below;  length  of  abdomen  about  10  mm.,  its  width  4;  measurements  in  /t: — 
length  of  marginal  cell  about  2250 ;  its  breadth  525 ;  length  of  first  s.  m.  about 
2475;  length  of  second  s.  m.  on  marginal,  about  600;  on  cubital  nervure  about 
1050;  of  third  s.  m.  on  marginal  600,  and  on  cubital  1140  ;  insertion  of  first  r.  n. 
from  first  t.  c.  420;  insertion  of  second  r.  n.  from  second  t.  c.,  300  ;  length  of  first 
discoidal,  3300. 

Type.  —  No.  2018,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  742,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  Named  after  the  author  of  the  most  useful  work  on  the 
genera  of  fossorial  wasps. 

Hoplisus  sepultus,  sp.  nov. 

Probable  length  about  10  mm.  (head,  much  of  thorax,  and  base  of  wings  missing 
in  the  type) ;  abdomen  sessile,  apparently  normal,  curved  downwards  as  though 
in  the  act  of  stinging ;  hind  tibia  with  tarsus  about  4|  mm. ;  wings  with  a  dark 
cloud  in  base  of  marginal  cell,  filling  second  s.  m.,  and  extending  suffusedly  below, 
still  showing  brilliant  iridescent  colors,  especially  in  second  s.  m. ;  nervures  more 
slender  than  in  Hoplisidia  kohliana ;  stigma  large,  its  breadth  about  170  (this  and 
all  following  measurements  in  /*) ;  marginal  cell  about  1500  long  and  300  broad, 
pointed  on  costa;  b.  n.  beginning  at  or  very  near  base  of  stigma,  and  going  a  little 
basad  of  t.  m. ;  length  of  first  s.  m.  about  1275;  second  s.  m.  hexagonal,  its  length 
on  marginal  300,  on  oblique  apex  of  first  discoidal  170  to  270  (this  variation  in  the 
opposite  wings  of  the  same  individual) ;  first  recurrent  nervure  to  second  (both 
received  by  second  s.  m.)  300  ;  second  r.  n.  to  origin  of  second  t.  c.  150 ;  third  s.  m. 
oblique,  its  greatest  length  (from  upper  basal  to  lower  apical  corners)  1125,  its  length 
on  marginal  460,  its  length  on  cubital  nervure  750,  its  tip  surpassing  marginal  cell 
a  little ;  insertion  of  third  t.  c.  to  tip  of  marginal  cell  570 ;  length  of  first  discoidal 
about  2100 ;  second  r.  n.  very  strongly  bowed  outwards.  Hind  wing  reversed  in 
the  specimen  ;  cubital  nervure  meeting  t.  m. ;  distance  from  t.  m.  to  t.  c.  1800. 

Type.  —  No.  2019,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  980,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

No.  2710,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.,  is  a  wing  of  Hoplisus  sepultus,  with  a  small 
portion  of  the  body.  The  measurements  are  in  part  greater  than  in  the  type 
indicating  perhaps  the  opposite  sex  or  a  larger  individual,  but  evidently  not 
another  species.  Length  of  marginal  cell  about  1500,  its  breadth  about  300; 
length  of  first  submarginal  about  1350,  the  b.  n.  hardly  going  so  near  stigma 
as  in  type  ;  second  s.  m.  on  marginal  240  ;  distance  between  first  and  second 
recurrent  nervures  at  insertion  300;  length  of  first  r.  n.  750  (same  in  type); 
insertion  of  second  r.  n.  to  origin  of  second  t.  c.  150 ;  greatest  length  of  third 
s.  m.  about  1200  ;  third  s.  m.  on  marginal  570  ;  length  of  third  t.  c.  795 ; 
insertion  of  third  t.  c.  to  apex  of  marginal  cell  600.  Cloud  in  second  s.  m., 
etc.,  as  in  type. 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       49 

SPHECIDAB. 
Ammophila  antiquella,  sp.  nov. 

Head  and  thorax  black ;  abdomen  all  light ;  hind  legs  apparently  light,  with  the 
tarsi  black,  in  strong  contrast ;  form  slender.  Length  12  mm. ;  abdomen  7-J-  mm., 
of  which  3  mm.  is  petiole ;  width  of  thorax  between  wings  If  mm.,  of  head  per- 
haps a  trifle  less ;  hind  tibia  2f  mm. ;  scape  rather  stout,  as  usual  in  the  genus, 
metathorax  transversely  striated  ;  wings  not  preserved.  Anteriorly  to  the  trans- 
versely striate  area  on  thorax,  some  longitudinal  striae  can  be  seen.  The  petiole  of 
abdomen  is  two  jointed,  the  first  joint  scarcely  over  one  third  the  length  of  the  sec- 
ond ;  the  breadth  of  the  apical  part  of  the  abdomen  is  H  mm. 

Type.  —  No.  2020,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  5974,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  The  specimen  is  poorly  preserved,  but  as  its  relationships  are 
evident,  it  is  described. 

YESPOIDEA. 
SCOLIIDAB. 

I  here  use  this  family  name  in  a  rather  broad  sense,  including  the  Myziniclae 
and  Tiphiidae  of  Ashinead.  The  two  extinct  genera  here  introduced  are  evi- 
dently related  to  the  Tiphiid  series,  though  not  without  features  suggestive  of 
the  other  groups.  So  far  as  I  am  able  to  judge,  their  affinity  is  closest  with 
the  rare  and  apparently  primitive  genus  Engycystis  Fox,  found  in  Texas  and 
Lower  California.  Curiously,  however,  a  new  genus  from  Australia  is  also  re- 
lated, and  for  purposes  of  comparison  is  herewith  described.  The  following 
table  separates  the  four  genera  from  each  other :  — 

Basal  nervure  entering  subcostal  at  a  distance  from  stigma  much  greater  than 
length  of  stigma Awtrotiphia,  gen.  nov. 

Basal  nervure  entering  subcostal  at  a  distance  from  stigma  less  than  length 
of  stigma 1 

1.  T.  m.  strongly  oblique ;  stigma  very  narrow,  not  nearly  filling  the  large 

stigmatic  cell ;  marginal  cell  not  surpassing  third  s.  m 

Lithotiphia,  gen.  nov. 
T.  m.  slightly  oblique 2 

2.  Marginal  cell  surpassing  third  8.  m.,  its  apex  rounded ;  costal  cell  large. 

Geotiphia,  gen.  nov. 

Third  s.  m.  surpassing  marginal  cell ;  apex  of  marginal  pointed,  on  costa  ; 
costal  cell  small  or  rudimentary Engycystis  Fox. 

In  Engycystis,  the  ventral  constriction  between  the  first  and  second  abdom- 
inal segments  is  not  nearly  so  marked  as  in  Tiphia  and  Paratiphia,  but  in  Aus- 
trotiphia  the  constriction  is  still  less  evident,  being  hardly  appreciable.  One 
would  almost  hesitate  to  place  the  latter  genus  in  the  Scoliids,  were  it  not  so 
obviously  a  Tiphiid  in  every  other  feature.  The  otherwise  different  Australian 
VOL.  L.  —  No.  2  4 


50  BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

genus  Dimorphoptera  Smith,  appears  to  share  the  same  character.  Unfortu- 
nately this  character  cannot  be  determined  in  the  fossil  genera,  owing  to  the 
position  of  the  specimens. 

?  Having  exactly  the  appearance  of  a  Tiphia,  but  related  to  Engycystis,  from 
which  it  differs  thus  :  basal  nervure  joining  subcostal  much  more  remote  from 
stigma ;  first  s.  m.  long,  broken  by  a  false  vein  which  passes  from  near  the  origin  of 
the  first  t.  c.  to  near  the  base  of  the  stigma  (the  same  is  found  in  the  Myzinid  Ple- 
sia) ;  marginal  cell  broadly  rounded,  —  almost  truncate,  at  apex ;  second  s.  m. 
extremely  broad  below,  the  first  and  second  s.  ms.  exceedingly  oblique ;  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  at  base  narrower  than  first  submarginal ;  t.  m.  very  oblique  (a  character 
of  the  fossil  Lithotiphia) ;  hind  wings  with  t.  c.  oblique  (its  upper  end  more  basad), 
and  cubital  nervure  ending  about  as  far  basad  of  upper  end  of  t.  m.,  as  half  the 
length  of  the  latter.  Stigma  well-developed. 

Austrotiphia  Mrbyi,  sp.  nov.  9  .  Length  about  13  mm.,  entirely  black,  looking 
like  an  ordinary  Tiphia  ;  eyes  and  mandibles  as  in  Tiphia,  simple  ;  punctures  nearly 
as  usual  in  Tiphia  ;  hind  margin  of  prothorax  straight,  or  rather  gently  concave, 
with  no  median  lobe;  anterior  part  of  mesothorax  smooth  ;  scutellum  shining,  with 
very  sparse  and  small  punctures  ;  parapsidal  grooves  very  strong  ;  tegulae  small ; 
abdomen  with  small  punctures,  closer  and  much  smaller  and  more  regular  on  basal 
part  of  segments  ;  apical  ventral  plate  not  greatly  surpassing  dorsal ;  legs  much  as 
in  Tiphia,  but  hind  femora  much  broadened,  sharply  keeled  below ;  hind  tibiae 
short,  with  five  or  six  rather  broad  teeth  on  outer  edge ;  basal  joint  of  hind  tarsus 
tuberculate  on  outer  side,  not  spined ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  each  with  two  white 
spurs;  last  joint  of  hind  tarsi  normal.  Shoalhaven,  Australia  (W.  W.  Froggatt, 
186).  Captured  in  1895,  and  now  the  property  of  the  British  Museum.  Named 
after  Mr.  W.  F.  Kirby,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on  Scoliidae. 

In  Geotiphia  the  teeth  on  the  outer  edge  of  the  hind  tibia  are  very  broad,  not 
spine-like  as  they  are  in  Tiphia  and  Engycystis.  In  Austrotiphia  they  are 
comparatively  broad  and  short,  and  the  last  one,  in  particular,  recalls  that  of 
Geotiphia.  In  Tiphia  the  suture  between  the  first  two  abdominal  segments  is 
evidently  depressed  at  the  sides,  the  abdomen  being  viewed  from  above  ;  this 
is  not  the  case  in  Austrotiphia.  In  this  particular,  so  far  as  can  be  seen,  Geo- 
tiphia and  Lithotiphia  resemble  Austrotiphia.  Geotiphia  has  some  appearance  of 
having  had  emarginate  eyes,  a  character  of  the  true  Scoliids,  but  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  be  sure  about  it.  The  spotted  abdomen  is  also  suggestive  of  the  Scoliids, 
but  not  so  the  venation  and  the  large  stigma.  When  one  uses  the  compound 
microscope  to  examine  the  eyes,  the  appearance  of  einargination  disappears,  and 
so  far  as  can  be  seen,  they  look  normal  for  the  Tiphiidae.  On  the  hind  leg  of  the 
?,  the  tibial  spurs  are  very  short  in  Engycystis,  very  much  less  than  half  the 
length  of  the  first  tarsal  joint ;  in  Austrotiphia  these  spurs  are  very  long,  the  long- 
est (the  hind  one)  being  fully  three  quarters  the  length  of  the  first  tarsal  joint ; 
in  the  two  fossil  genera  their  character  has  not  been  determined.  Tiphia  has 
them  long,  like  Austrotiphia.  The  second  antonnal  joint  in  Austrotiphia  is  con- 
spicuously smaller  than  in  Tiphia.  In  Geotiphia  the  middle  joints  of  flagellum 
are  broader  than  long  ;  in  Austrotiphia  (  9  )  they  are  about  as  long  as  broad ; 


COCKEKELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       51 

in  Tiphia  (  9  )  they  are  conspicuously  longer  than  broad.  In  Geotiphia  and 
Tiphia  the  claws  are  bifid;  in  Austrotiphia  they  appear  at  first  sight  to  be 
simple,  because  the  inner  tooth  is  flattened,  shortened,  and  directed  somewhat 
inwards.  In  Tiphia  the  middle  coxae  are  very  widely  separated  by  a  bilobed 
projection  of  the  mesosternum  ;  in  Austrotiphia  they  are  considerably  closer 
together,  the  bilobed  projection,  although  present,  being  much  smaller.  In 
Engycystis  they  are  more  aa  in  Austrotiphia.  In  Tiphia  the  middle  tibiae 
have  only  one  spur,  in  Austrotiphia  and  Engycystis  (as  in  the  Myzinids) 
there  are  two.  Tiphia  has  an  open  marginal  cell  and  only  two  submarginals ; 
Austrotiphia,  Eugycystis,  Geotiphia,  and  Lithotiphia  have  a  closed  marginal 
and  three  submarginals. 

Geotiphia,  gen.  nov.  foxiana,  sp.  nov. 

Length  about  11£  mm. ;  black,  with  light  markings  on  abdomen  ;  femora  black, 
tibiae  and  tarsi  light,  probably  red  in  life ;  the  abdominal  markings,  presumably 
yellow  in  life,  consist  of  a  broad  transverse  spot  or  patch  on  the  first  segment, 
rounded  at  sides  and  deeply  emarginate  posteriorly,  a  couple  of  transversely  oval 
spots  on  second  segment,  and  a  pair  of  smaller  and  rounder  ones  on  third ;  first 
segment  broad,  broadly  rounded  in  front ;  widtli  of  abdomen  about  3  mm. ;  head 
round,  width  about  2  mm. ;  middle  joints  of  flagellum  about  180  ft  long  and 
225  broad;  middle  tibia  apparently  short,  broad  (breadth  about  300  /*),  abruptly 
truncate ;  middle  tarsi  slender,  first  joint  about  900  /*  long,  its  outer  edge  straight 
on  first  half  and  convex  on  second,  third  and  fourth  joints  each  about  225  /t 
long,  and  quite  slender;  claw  joint  (excluding  claws)  about  300  fi  long;  claws 
bifid,  the  two  teeth  about  equally  long ;  hind  femora  stout  but  not  at  all  subglobose, 
about  1500  fi  long ;  hind  tibia  about  as  long,  about  600  /*  broad  ;  basal  joint  of  hind 
tarsus  about  250  Abroad.  Outer  apical  edge  of  hind  tibiae  with  very  broad  teeth, 
witli  points  directed  apicad,  and  long  straight  or  nearly  straight  upper  edges.  Wings 
with  a  large  stigma  (solid,  filling  stigmal  cell),  its  breadth  about  300  (this  and  all 
following  measurements  in  fj.) ;  costal  cell  very  distinct,  the  costal  and  subcostal 
nervures  very  heavy,  and  quite  wide  apart;  marginal  cell  complete,  broadly 
rounded  at  end,  the  actual  apex  not  on  costa,  length  of  the  cell  1500  /*,  its  tip  sur- 
passing apical  point  of  third  a.  m.  by  about  100,  although  the  distance  from  inser- 
tion of  third  t.  c.  to  apex  of  marginal  is  about  450  ;  three  submarginal  cells,  the  first 
1200  long ;  second  very  broad,  450  long  on  marginal,  and  ^00  on  cubital  nervure, 
receiving  the  first  r.  n.  exactly  at  the  middle ;  third  s.  m.  600  long  on  marginal,  its 
outer  side  strongly  bulging  ;  first  (upper)  section  of  b.  n.  less  than  300  long,  bulg- 
ing at  its  lower  end,  just  before  the  origin  of  cubital  nervure;  second  (lower)  sec- 
tion slightly  over  300  long,  meeting  t.  m.,  which  is  a  little  oblique  ;  first  discoidal 
1500  long ;  second  r.  n.  joining  third  a.  m.  not  far  from  the  middle. 

Type.  —  No.  2021,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  14,292.  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  Named  after  Mr.  W.  J.  Fox,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on 
Engycystis. 


52  BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 


Lithotiphia,  gen.  nov.  scudderi,  sp.  DOT. 

Length  about  12J  mm.,  anterior  wing  about  8J ;  black,  the  abdomen  without 
light  spots ;  head  round,  its  width  2£  mm. ;  width  of  thorax  (doubtless  increased  by 
crushing)  about  4  mm. ;  abdomen  about  6f  mm.  long  and  3  broad;  hind  femora 
cylindrical,  rather  stout,  with  a  little  concavity  followed  by  a  prominence  at  apex 
beneath,  as  in  other  T iphiids  ;  hind  tibiae  greatly  swollen,  apparently  not  dentate ; 
hind  tarsi  very  slender.  Wings  with  apparently  a  very  large  stigma,  but  the 
microscope  shows  that  this  is  the  stigmal  cell,  not  nearly  filled  by  the  long  and 
slender  true  stigma,  which  is  brown,  as  long  as  stigmal  cell,  but  only  about  105 
(this  and  all  following  measurements  in  /*)  broad ;  the  stigmal  cell  is  about  675  long, 
and  255  broad,  broadly  truncate  posteriorly,  and  with  a  rudimentary  cross-nervure 
before  the  middle,  almost  meeting  the  radial  nervure  (in  a  modern  Scolia  I  can 
detect  such  a  cross-nervure,  but  still  more  rudimentary)  ;  marginal  cell  entire, 
exceedingly  broadly  rounded  apically,  the  actual  tip  not  on  costa,  length  of  the 
cell  1650;  three  submarginals,  the  second  very  broad,  750  long  on  marginal, 
receiving  the  first  r.  n.  nearly  600  from  its  beginning,  and  450  from  its  end;  third 
s.  m.  broadly  bulging  apically,  not  surpassed  by  the  marginal;  length  of  third 
s.  m.  on  marginal  750  (same  as  second  s.  m.) ;  second  r.  n.  joining  third  s.  m.  375 
from  its  base,  and  450  from  its  lower  apical  corner ;  the  second  r.  n.  joins  the  cubi- 
tal nervure  in  such  a  way  that  the  outer  angle  formed  is  less  than  a  right  angle. 
B.  n.  going  very  slightly  basad  of  t.  m.,  which  is  strongly  oblique. 

Type. —No.  2022,  MUB.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  2440,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

POMPILIDAB. 
Hemipogonius  florissantensis,  sp.  nov. 

Length  nearly  15  mm.,  anterior  wing  about  10  mm. ;  anterior  wings  with  a 
transverse  dark  cloud  or  suffused  band  at  about  the  end  of  the  basal  third,  a  very 
large  dark  roundish  patch  in  and  below  the  marginal  cell,  and  the  tip  dusky, 
a  round  area  between  the  dusky  tip  and  the  large  dark  region  appearing  white. 
General  structure  of  body  normal,  the  abdomen  sessile,  with  the  first  segment,  seen 
in  lateral  profile,  ascending  and  convex  ;  spurs  large;  antennae  about  7  mm.  long, 
one  curled  under  body  reaching  middle  coxae,  apparently  not  curled,  or  little 
curled,  at  tip ;  hind  coxae  long,  hind  femora  about  3£  mm. 

Length  of  stigma  900  (this  and  the  following  measurements  in  /u),  its  breadth 
about  285 ;  costal  cell  distinct ;  length  of  marginal  cell  about  2400,  long  and  nar- 
row, its  breadth  about  525,  its  apex  pointed  and  on  costa  ;  distance  from  insertion 
of  third  t.  c.  to  tip  of  marginal,  765 ;  length  of  first  s.  m.  nearly  2250 ;  first  t.  c. 
bowed  inwards  (basad),  its  length  about  625  ;  stigma  to  insertion  of  first  t.  c.,  270 ; 
second  s.  m.  on  marginal,  750 ;  third  s.  m.  on  marginal,  795 ;  outer  angle  formed  by 
insertion  of  third  t.  c.  on  marginal  less  than  a  right  angle  ;  distance  from  insertion 
of  second  r.  n.  to  lower  apical  corner  of  third  s.  m.,  825  (the  second  r.  n.  enters 
third  s.  m.  toward  the  base) ;  b.  n.  very  far  basad  of  stigma,  and  its  origin  450 
basad  of  t.  m.,  its  lower  section  about  600  long,  the  upper  one  (bounding  first  s.  m.) 
considerably  less ;  lower  edge  of  second  discoidal  1275  long,  its  breadth  at  apex 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT.       53 

800,  at  base  300.  Hind  wings  with  cubital  nerrure  inserted  a  short  distance 
beyond  (apicad  of)  t.  m. 

Type.  —  No.  2023,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.     Florissant,  Col.  (No.  8647,  S.  H. 

Scudder  Coll.).  Easily  known  from  H.  scudderi  by  its  larger  size.  The  spec- 
imen shows  several  venational  characters  which  were  not  preserved  in  H.  scud- 
deri, and  they  confirm  the  generic  reference. 

Hemipogonius  scudderi,  sp.  nor. 

Slender,  length  about  10£  ram. ;  antennae  6}  mm.,  the  scape  thickened  ;  width  of 
head  2  mm.;  length  of  anterior  wing  about  6£ ;  length  of  thorax  almost  3£;  of 
hiiid  tibia  and  tarsus  about  7 ;  hind  spurs  large.  Wings  hairy  ;  stigma  distinct ; 
marginal  cell  sharply  pointed  on  costa,  its  length  and  that  of  first  s.  m.  the  same, 
1575  n  ;  greatest  width  of  marginal  cell  only  405  p. ;  second  s.  m.  pentagonal,  broad, 
receiving  first  r.  n.  a  little  beyond  its  middle;  length  of  second  s.  m.  on  marginal 
450  /* ;  third  s.  m.  larger  than  second,  shaped  as  usual ;  b.  n.  about  120  /*  basad  of 
t.  m. ;  t.  m.  255  /j.  long,  not  at  all  oblique.  Stigma  dark,  and  a  dark  cloud  in  the  region 
of  b.  n.  and  below  ;  also  a  diffused  brown  cloud  occupying  marginal  cell,  the 
second  and  third  submarginals,  and  the  third  discoidal;  this  region  still  shows 
bright  iridescent  colors.  Somewhat  allied  to  the  living  H.  alienatus  (Smith),  but 
larger.  The  wings  are  shorter,  and  much  more  strongly  clouded,  than  in  H.fortis 
(Cresson)  The  sutures  of  the  antennal  joints  are  black. 

Type.  —  No.  2024,  Mns.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  8640,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  A  beautifully  preserved  specimen.  No.  10,813,  S.  H.  Scudder 
Coll.,  is  the  reverse  of  the  same  example. 

Ceropalites,  gen.  nor. 

Abdomen  very  convex,  the  first  point  narrowed  to  a  distinct  petiole ;  stigma  very 
well-developed,  elongate,  lanceolate ;  subcostal  nervure  quite  widely  separated 
from  costa ;  first  discoidal  cell  very  narrow,  the  part  of  the  basal  nervure  bounding 
it  being  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  part  bounding  first  submarginal ;  b.  n.  passing 
only  just  basad  of  t.  m. ;  marginal  cell  large  and  elongate,  probably  pointed; 
antennae  long. 

Ceropalites  infelix,  sp.  nov. 

Length  13  mm. ;  as  preserved,  entirely  light  reddish-brown,  probably  red  in  life  ; 
wings  hyaline,  with  the  apical  margin  broadly  dusky  ;  stigma  dark,  with  a  brown- 
ish spot  immediately  below  it ;  length  of  anterior  wing  10  mm. ;  of  abdomen 
7;  height  of  abdomen  (dorso-ventral)  3;  length  of  thorax  anterior  to  wings  1} 
mm. ;  length  of  marginal  cell  over  4  mm.  (the  apex  gone) ;  of  wing  anterior  to 
stigma  about  5$  mm. ;  length  of  stigma  about  1500 /t;  its  breadth  about  375;  first 
section  of  radial  nervure,  passing  almost  straight  down  from  stigma  to  junction  of 
first  t.  c.,  about  450  p  long;  width  of  marginal  cell  1095  /*  ;  from  first  to  second 
t.  c.  on  radial  nervure  about  1650  /j.;  beginning  of  b.  n.  from  stigma,  600  n;  dis- 
tance of  subcostal  nervure  from  costa  at  this  point,  300;  first  (upper)  part  of  b.  n. 
about  1110 /x,  second  (lower)  part  390;  hind  part  of  metathorax  with  some  trans- 
verse keels. 


54  BULLETIN:  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

Type.  —  No.  2025,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  6013,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  The  first  abdominal  segment  having  a  distinct  though  short 
(less  than  1  mm.  long)  petiole  is  suggestive  of  Sphecidae,  but  the  insect  does 
not  otherwise  agree  with  that  group.  The  first  abdominal  segment  really 
recalls  the  winged  Mutillidae  allied  to  Photopsis,  as  much  as  anything  ;  but 
the  ventral  surface  of  the  abdomen  is  perfectly  straight  (or  rather,  gently  con- 
vex), without  the  least  sign  of  a  depression  between  the  first  and  second  seg- 
ments. The  well-developed  stigma  is  suggestive  of  Ceropales,  but  the  venation 
differs  from  that  of  any  modern  genus  known  to  me.  I  cannot  see  the  third 
submarginal  cell  distinctly,  but  it  appears  to  have  been  present.  The  dark 
spot  below  the  stigma  is  still  slightly  iridescent. 


VESPIDAE. 
Palaeovespa,  gen.  nov. 

With  the  general  form  of  Vespa,  the  thorax  broadly  rounded,  and  the  abdomen 
sessile  and  broad  at  base  ;  the  first  segment  of  transverse  form,  yet  by  no  means 
so  broad  as  in  true  Vespa.  Venation  more  like  Polistes,  the  marginal  cell  being 
pointed,  the  apex  of  first  discoidal  oblique,  and  the  recurrent  nervures  joining  the 
second  s.  m.  far  apart,  not  both  entering  the  basal  half  of  the  cell,  as  in  Vespa. 
The  b.  n.  joins  the  subcostal  nervure  nearer  to  the  stigma  than  is  usual  in  Vespa, 
but  not  at  its  base,  as  in  Polistes.  It  is  impossible  to  see  whether  the  hind  wings 
have  an  anal  lobe  or  not.  This  is  a  very  interesting  genus,  having  the  appearance 
rather  of  Vespa  (it  would  never  occur  to  any  one  to  refer  the  specimens  to  Polistes), 
but  retaining  the  apparently  more  primitive  venation  of  Polistes,  or  a  close  approx- 
imation to  it.  P.florissantia,  the  largest  species,  is  taken  as  the  type,  but  the  char- 
acters of  the  genus  are  not  all  ascertainable  from  the  single  specimen  of  that  insect. 

Palaeovespa  florissantia,  sp.  nov. 

Very  large  and  robust ;  length  to  beyond  middle  of  fifth  abdominal  segment, 
25  mm. ;  length  from  base  of  abdomen  to  apex  of  fourth  segment,  14  mm. ;  thorax 
narrow  for  the  size  of  the  insect,  its  width  between  wings  about  7  mm. ;  breadth  of 
abdominal  segments  in  mm.  (1)  6£,  (2)  8|,  (3)  8|;  color  dark,  evidently  black  in 
life,  with  the  hind  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  broadly  but  suffusedly  pal- 
lid ;  no  distinct  abdominal  markings  ;  wings  apparently  reddish.  The  venation  is 
obscure,  but  the  wings  appear  to  be  folded,  and  the  very  long  first  discoidal  cell 
of  the  Vespidae  is  plainly  visible,  its  length  about  10  mm.,  while  its  breadth  is  only 
about  1-J  ;  the  lower  part  of  the  basal  nervure  is  about  6  mm.  long,  and  the  first 
s.  m.  on  cubital  nervure  is  about  3J ;  the  second  s.  m.,  very  faintly  indicated, 
appears  triangular,  the  first  t.  c.  oblique,  its  upper  end  most  distad,  the  acute 
angles  formed  being  of  about  45°  ;  the  apex  of  the  first  discoidal,  between  the  first 
t.  c.  and  the  insertion  of  the  first  r.  n.,  is  obliquely  truncate,  —  considerably  more 
obliquely  than  in  a  modern  Vespa  examined. 

Type.— No.  2026,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,741,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  This  is  the  largest  by  far  of  the  Florissant  Hymenoptera  seen 


COCKERELL:    FOSSIL    HYMENOPTERA  FROM   FLORISSANT.  55 

by  me.     It  gives  one  the  impression,  at  first,  of  a  krge  Scoliid,  but  it  ia 
unquestionably  a  member  of  the  Vespidae. 

Palaeovespa  scudderi,  sp.  nov. 

Length  of  anterior  wing  about  13  mm.;  of  head,  including  mandibles,  6;  of 
thorax,  8 ;  of  middle  femur  and  trochanter  4i ;  of  middle  tibia  and  tarsus,  7 ;  of 
first  discoidal  cell,  7 ;  of  marginal  cell,  which  ends  in  a  sharp  point  on  costa,  3} ; 
eyes  deeply  emarginate,  as  usual  in  Vespa,  but  contrary  to  what  obtains  in  the 
modern  species,  the  part  of  the  eye  above  the  emargination  is  almost  if  not  quite 
as  large  as  that  below  it ;  mandibles  shaped  as  usual  in  the  genus  ;  the  large  lateral 
lobes  of  prothorax  are  strongly  vertically  striate,  the  striation  resembling  that 
found  in  the  same  region  in  species  of  Myzine  and  Ammophila  ;  pleura  without 
such  striation  ;  head  and  thorax,  dark,  doubtless  black  in  life  ;  the  middle  leg  seems 
to  have  been  black  as  far  as  the  beginning  of  the  apical  third  of  the  femur,  or  there- 
abouts, and  beyond  that  yellow  or  red ;  apex  of  first  discoidal  cell  about  as  in 
modern  Vespa,  but  narrow  ;  marginal  cell  much  more  pointed  than  in  the  modern 
forms,  but  venation  otherwise  normal ;  abdomen  missing.  Lateral  ocellus  about 
270  n  broad,  and  300  from  eye ;  width  of  marginal  cell  about  900  /x ;  of  oblique 
nervure  terminating  first  discoidal,  225  /*. 

Type.  — No.  2027,  Mus.  Comp.  Zodl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  9065,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.). 

No.  7738,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.,  badly  preserved,  appears  to  be  a  second 
example  of  P.  scudderi,  as  it  shows  well  the  striation  of  the  prothoracic  lobes  ; 
a  feature  which  is  not  to  be  seen  in  any  of  the  specimens  of  P.  gillettei,  though  it 
may  not  really  be  absent.  This  specimen  has  the  abdomen,  and  indicates  that 
P.  scudderi  was  about  18  mm.  long.  The  hind  margins  of  the  last  two  abdom- 
inal segments  were  broadly  light  (probably  also  the  two  before  these),  and  the 
light  color  (no  doubt  yellow  in  life)  sent  a  rounded  lobe  upwards  on  each  side 
of  the  last  segment,  these  markings  being  of  the  same  type  as  in  modern  Vespa. 
The  antennate  are  normal. 

Palaeovespa  gillettei,  sp.  nov. 

Length  about  14|  mm. ;  of  anterior  wing  about  10  mm.,  with  the  nervures  more 
delicate  than  those  of  P.  scudderi;  breadth  between  wings  slightly  over  4  mm.,  of 
abdomen  5 ;  black,  with  indications  on  the  mesothorax  of  what  appear  to  have 
been  two  longitudinal  yellow  stripes ;  venation  as  in  P.  scudderi,  with  the  same 
sharply  pointed  marginal  cell ;  length  of  first  discoidal  a  little  over  5  mm. ;  widtli 
of  marginal  cell  600  jt.  The  abdomen  is  not  so  broad  basally  as  in  modern  Vespa  ; 
it  is  nearly  parallel-sided,  with  the  broadest  part  beyond  the  middle.  The  species 
is  allied  to  P.  scudderi,  but  smaller  in  every  way,  with  more  delicate  venation. 

Type.  —No.  2028,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  16,325,  S.  H. 
Scndder  Coll.).  No.  2029,  M.  C.  Z.  (No.  11,920,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.),  No. 
5986,  S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.,  and  No.  2030,  M.  C.  Z.  (No.  14,305,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.,)  are  also  Palaeovespa,  and  presumably  the  present  species,  but 
they  do  not  show  the  venation  so  well.  The  first  two  show  very  distinctly 


56  BULLETIN:   MUSEUM   OF  COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY. 

two  light  lines  or  narrow  bars  on  mesotborax,  not  reaching  the  anterior  or 
posterior  margins,  and  5986  also  shows  a  narrow  light  anterolateral  margin, 
probably  really  on  the  prothorax,  as  is  common  in  living  forms.  The  antennae 
appear  to  be  as  in  Vespa.  Nos.  2031,  2032,  M.  C.  Z.  (Nos.  18,382  and  7868, 
S.  H.  Scudder  Coll.),  are  two  isolated  anterior  wings  of  Palaeovespa.  They 
exhibit  a  good  deal  of  diiference  in  small  details,  but  are,  I  think,  certainly 
referable  to  P.  gillettei.  From  them  it  is  possible  to  ascertain  several  characters 
not  clearly  discernible  in  the  type.  Both  show  a  dark  cloud  in  the  apical 
part  of  the  costal  cell,  such  as  occurs  in  modern  Vespa.  The  junction  of  b.  n. 
to  subcostal,  which  in  the  type  is  some  450  /i  from  base  of  stigma,  is  only  about 
300  from  it  in  No.  18,362,  and  345  in  No.  8981,  but  it  is  difficult  to  say  exactly 
where  the  basal  n.  leaves  off,  and  where  the  stigma  begins,  the  fusion  being 
gradual.  The  size  is  throughout  too  small  for  P.  scudderi.  The  following 
measurements  are  in  p. : 

Length  of  second  8.  m.  Length  of  third  s.  m. 

on  marginal.  on  marginal. 

P.  scudderi,  Type  No.  2027,  M.  C.  Z.   450  825 

No.  2032,  M.  C.  Z.  345  675 

No.  2031,  M.  C.  Z.  225  675 

First  r.  n.  from        First  r.  n.  (on          Second  r.  n. 
beginning  of  cubital  n.)  from  end  of 

second  s.  m.        from  second  r.  n.     second  s.  m. 

P.  scudderi,  Type  No.  2027,  M.  C  .Z.  225  665  1  375  ? 

P.  gillettei,  Type  No.  2028,  M.  C.  Z.         ?  ?  225  ? 

No.  2032,  M.  C.  Z.  150  535  375 

No.  2031,  M.  C.  Z.  150  375  300 

Vespa  (modern)  195  240  750 

P.  gillettei  is  named  after  Professor  C.  P.  Gillette,  in  recognition  of  his 
work  on  the  entomology  of  Colorado. 


EUMBNIDAB. 
Odynerus  palaeophilus,  sp.  nov. 

$  Rather  slender,  length  9  mm.,  anterior  wing  8  mm. ;  black,  the  wings  dusky  ; 
first  abdominal  segment  in  lateral  profile  (i.  e.  seen  from  the  side)  presenting  a 
curve  which  is  uniform,  not  abruptly  bent  at  any  point,  and  is  equal  to  about 
a  quarter  of  a  circle;  abdomen  broad  and  convex,  with  the  apical  part  separated, 
doubtless  originally  marked  off  by  a  suture,  as  in  some  living  forms  ;  marginal 
cell  very  broad,  in  the  form  of  an  elongated  triangle,  the  apex  downwards;  apex 
of  first  discoidal  only  moderately  oblique  (much  less  so  than  in  a  modern  species 
compared) ;  second  submarginal  cell  narrowed  almost  to  a  point  above,  its  length 
on  marginal  being  only  60  fi,  while  its  length  on  cubital  nervure  is  655  n;  width  of 
marginal  cell,  600  /i ;  width  of  third  s.  m.  on  marginal,  525  /*.  It  would  be  easy  to 
misinterpret  the  venation  of  this  insect  (as  also  of  the  species  of  Palaeovespa), 
owing  to  the  folding;  but  it  is  easily  understood  when  compared  with  modern 


COCKERELL:  FOSSIL  HYMENOPTERA  FROM  FLORISSANT,      57 

examples  similarly  folded.  This  insect  has  the  closest  possible  resemblance  to  a 
species  still  living  in  Colorado,  but  it  differs  in  the  venation  in  two  respects  :  (1) 
the  second  submarginal  cell  is  more  contracted  above,  (2)  the  cubital  nervure  is 
abruptly  bent  at  the  end  or  the  first  discoidal  cell,  as  in  Vespa,  whereas  in  the 
modern  species  it  is  straight. 

Type.  —  No.  2033,  Mus.  Comp.  Zobl.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  10,657,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.) 

Odynerus  praesepultus,  sp.  nov. 

?  Black,  apparently  with  two  light  longitudinal  bars  on  mesothorax ;  length 
nearly  11  mm.,  head  and  thorax  about  4  mm.,  anterior  wing  7  mm. ;  wings  folded, 
somewhat  reddish;  flagellum  thick,  (the  end  tapering,  not  clavate,)  dark  above, 
light  below ;  abdomen  sessile,  second  segment  not  swollen,  dorsally  or  ventrally  ; 
in  lateral  profile,  the  dorsum  of  abdomen  is  gently  curved,  the  venter  nearly 
straight,  no  segment  markedly  different  from  the  one  before  it.  Stigma  large,  its 
width  (short  diameter)  about  200  (this  and  other  measurements  in  p) ;  marginal 
cell  subtriangular,  1350  long,  about  450  broad,  narrowly  obliquely  truncate,  the 
truncation  about  150  broad ;  tip  of  marginal  cell  about  level  with  apex  of  third 
s.  m. ;  b.  n.  inserted  at  base  of  stigma,  its  upper  section  about  450  long;  first  s.  m. 
1425  long ;  stigma  to  insertion  of  first  t.  c.,  450 ;  second  s.  m.  much  narrowed  above 
(150  long  on  marginal),  and  receiving  both  recurrent  nervures;  first  r.  n.  from 
origin  of  first  t.  c.,  250  (lower  basal  corner  of  second  s.  m.  very  acute) ;  distance 
between  insertion  of  first  and  second  r.  n.,  300  ;  cubital  nervure  not  at  all  bent  at 
end  of  first  discoidal ;  insertion  of  second  r.  n.  to  origin  of  second  t.  c.,  105  ;  lower 
margin  of  third  s.  m.,  600;  third  s.  m.  on  marginal,  450;  insertion  of  third  t.  c.  to 
apex  of  marginal  cell,  450. 

Type.  —No.  2034,  Mus.,  Comp.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  11,944,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  This  is  readily  known  from  Palaeovespa  by  (1)  marginal  cell 
obliquely  truncate  at  end,  the  tip  not  on  costa  ;  (2)  cubital  nervure  not  at  all 
bent  at  end  of  first  discoidal,  (3)  b.  n.  originating  at  base  of  the  very  large 
stigma.  It  appears  to  be  one  of  the.  Eumenidae,  the  venation  agreeing  with 
that  group  better  than  with  the  Vespidae.  Among  the  Eumenidae,  from  the 
venation  and  structure  of  the  abdomen ,  it  can  go  only  in  Odynerini,  and  it  is 
referred  to  Odynerus  in  the  old,  broad  sense.  The  modern  genera  of  Odynerini 
are  separated  mainly  on  characters  which  are  not  discernible  in  the  fossil. 

ICHNEUMONOIDEA. 

STEPHANIDAE. 
Protostephanus,  gen.  nov. 

Head  rounded  or  subquadrate,  rugose  or  tuberculate;  prothorax  broad  but 
produced,  with  a  median  longitudinal  groove,  and  fine  lateral  oblique  striae ; 
abdomen  sessile ;  hind  coxae  elongated,  about  f  the  length  of  their  femora;  hind 
femora  moderately  stout,  not  toothed ;  stigma  rather  large ;  costal  cell  very  dis- 
tinct ;  terminal  part  of  subcostal  nervure,  for  a  distance  nearly  equal  to  the  length 


58  BULLETIN:    MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 

of  the  stigma,  much  thickened  and  appearing  black ;  marginal  cell  long  and  quite 
narrow ;  b.  n.  strongly  bent  at  beginning  of  cubital  nervure  ;  t.  m.  opposite  b.  n., 
the  latter  very  slightly  more  basad ;  only  one  a.  m.,  which  is  considerably  broader 
than  the  first  discoidal ;  first  r.  n.  meeting  first  t.  c.,  which  is  continued  in  a  straight 
line  with  it,  making,  with  the  cubital  nervure,  a  large  X.  This  interesting  genus 
differs  from  those  hitherto  known  by  the  combination  of  an  elongated  prothorax, 
unarmed  hind  femora,  and  sessile  abdomen. 

Protostephanus  ashmeadi,  sp.  nov. 

Length  about  9$  mm. ;  anterior  wings  clear,  with  brassy  iridescence  still  show- 
ing, their  length  about  6  mm. ;  hind  coxae  transversely  striate ;  hind  tibiae 
claviform,  swollen  apically,  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  about  as  long  as  hind  coxae 
and  femora,  but  the  tibiae  somewhat  longer  than  the  femora  ;  pleura  finely  striate ; 
measurements  in  /*: —  width  of  head  about  1500;  length  of  thorax  anterior  to 
wings  about  1200 ;  length  of  hind  coxae  about  1200 ;  width  of  hind  tibiae  at  apex 
about  450 ;  breadth  of  hind  femora  about  the  same ;  extension  of  abdomen  beyond 
apex  of  hind  femora  perhaps  1500;  breadth  of  stigma  about  180;  breadth  of 
marginal  cell  about  300 ;  length  of  first  (and  only)  s.  m.  975 ;  length  of  first  dis- 
coidal, 900 ;  length  of  the  quadrate  second  discoidal  about  795  ;  length  of  t.  m.  not 
quite  300 ;  length  of  second  section  of  b.  n.  (bounding  first  discoidal)  about  450. 

Type,  — No.  2035,  Mus.  Corap.  Zool.  Florissant,  Col.  (No.  13913,  S.  H. 
Scudder  Coll.).  Named  after  Mr.  W.  H.  Ashmead,  whose  writings  were  most 
useful  in  determining  the  affinities  of  the  insect. 


0 


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Reports  on  the  Scientific  Results  of  the  Expedition  to  the  Tropical  Pacific,  in 
charge  of  Alexander  Agassiz,  on  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  Steamer 
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Reports  on  the  Scientific  Results  of  the  Expedition  to  the  Eastern  Pacific,  in 
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Contributions  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory,  Professor  E.  L.  Mark,  Director. 

Contributions  from  the  Geological  Laboratory. 

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